Description: This paper develops a tool that may be useful in explaining the differences between earnings that are reported under GAAP and profits that are expressed as an internal rate of return.

Description: This session from the 1995 SOA New Orleans Meeting discusses insurers' methods for monitoring in-force business, repricing existing products and pricing guidelines. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Vol. 21, No. 1.

Description: This session from the 1995 SOA New York City Meeting discusses the factors to review in re-pricing life products, insurers' methods for monitoring in-force business, and the importance of re-pricing in-force business. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Vol. 21, No. 2.

Description: The article looks back at the development of life protection product underwriting and pricing in UK. It describes the development in waves of change, looking at different drivers, e.g. consolidation of the life insurance industry, the role of technology as a driver for efficiency gains via electronic underwriting. Different levels of sophistication are being discussed and possible implications for the relationship between direct offices and reinsurers. This rather thought provoking article is based upon Munich research as well as market experience and ties in with a number of current topics as for example potential changes as a result of the Retail Distribution Review and the Gender Directive implementation.

Description: Discusses the reasons for, and the economic impacts of, the backdating of life insurance policies, and what changes in the industry might evolve to address them.

Description: This article delves into a new line of statistical thinking of the author, that may be useful for product development actuaries. The key concept is how product design can produce products that diversify quickly, meaning that the company can be confident of a profitable product line, based on fewer sales than might be true for other designs.

Description: In an effort to build a bridge between epidemiological and actuarial modeling, this paper analyzes possible financial arrangements made against expenses resulted from medical treatments given to insured patients. Based on classical compartment models, the first part of this paper designs insurance policies for susceptible participants facing the risk of infection and formulates the financial obligations of both parties using actuarial methodology. For practical purposes, the second part employs a variety of numerical methods for calculating premiums and reserves. The last part illustrates the methods by designing insurance products for the Great Plague in Eyam and the SARS Epidemic in Hong Kong.

Description: Results of survey conducted in July 2006 about the methods used by insurers to develop their pricing mortality assumptions for fully underwritten life insurance in the U.S. The objective was to understand how companies adjust base mortality tables and whether mortality improvement was assumed.

Description: In this session from the 2003 Washington D.C. Meeting discusses pricing life insurance based on a GAAP basis. It provides an example of GAAP pricing for a Universal Life Product and SPIA and reviews the practical implications. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Volume 29, No. 1, Session 82ts.

Description: This session covers the differences between quantitative models and traditional techniques for measuring credit exposure pricing models versus portfolio risk management models and an introduction to some commercially available models, such as J. P. Morgan’s Credit Metrics and Moody’s/KMV Portfolio Manager. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Volume 29, No. 1, Washington, D.C. Spring Meeting, May 29–30, 2003, Session 19PD.